Methods

Analytical-synthetic, system-structural, comparative and statistical methods of scientific research are developed and used in accordance with the tasks.

Results and Discussion

In the second half of the 19th century the process of distribution of book products became more active, so the role of book exchange in processes of cooperation between libraries was growing. From 1877 to 1916, the Commission on International Exchange of Scientific and Fictional Editions operated under the Ministry of Education. Domestic book exchange during the tsar period was limited. Book exchange means free transfer of printed works from one library to another for permanent use and is an effective source of collection development by means of documents that were not distributed through the book trade network. The Ukrainian Library Encyclopedia (ULЕ) provides a definition of the modern term of “book exchange” as interlibrary document exchange between libraries within the country. Its purpose is to complete the existing library collections, improve their quality and free them from unnecessary duplicate and non-core documents (National Library of Ukraine named after Yaroslav the Wise, 2021

The role and significance of book exchange is clearly defined by the Ukrainian librarian K. I. Rubinsky: since each library is a reflection of its epoch, the study of collections allows to imagine comprehensively the realities of life at that time (Vaneev, p. 151). According to another scientist, a well-known bibliographer N. A. Rubakin, the library core (book collection) is the center of gravity of each library, due to the content of which the library must operate and meet the appropriate level of education (Rubakin, рp. 126-159).

At the end of the 19^th century Katerinoslav city public library with the support of the Chairman of the Library Council G. A. Zalyubovsky had business relations with 10 libraries and received free books from six scientific societies. In 1910, Katerinoslav Library sent to the colleagues of Mariupol City Library at their request 7 titles, 396 volumes of duplicate magazines, in the public reading room of Yenakiievo station – 6 titles, 432 volumes (Otchet Yekaterinoslavskoy Gorodskoy Obshchestvennoy Biblioteki, 1894, рp. 14, 30).

In the early 20^th century exchange of experience was an important area of professional development of library staff. Under these conditions the reports of Nikolaev, Kharkiv, Odessa, Sevastopol, Yalta societies of library science arrived to Katerinoslav city library and they contained interesting information. In addition, in 1911 the library of the Russian Academy of Sciences received duplicate copies of "Vestnik Yuga" newspaper from the city public library (Otchet Yekaterinoslavskoy Gorodskoy Obshchestvennoy Biblioteki, 1912, р. 5).

In the 19^th century book exchange was important and necessary for Katerinoslav educational institutions. Teachers of Katerinoslav classical gymnasium sent their works to other educational institutions only after the obligatory consideration by the trustee of Odessa educational district. With the support of the gymnasium director Ya. D. Grakhov, the institution closely cooperated with the Russian Geographical Society through the exchange of local publications (1849). The classical gymnasium exchanged books with well-known educational institutions of St. Petersburg, the oldest institutions of the empire: Richelieu Lyceum and Vilnius University (1831). I. S. Afanasyev, a teacher of mathematical sciences, the inspector of the gymnasium, was the head of the library since 1819. Since 1841 he was responsible for the work of the bookshop and actively cooperated with Kharkiv University. A. I. Bartashevych, a Senior Lecturer in Latin Language at the gymnasium, made a certain contribution in this direction. His activity as a bookshop head in 1831–1841 was useful for the development of the fundamental library (Lokot, 1908, рp. 98, 134).

At the end of the 19^th century with the support of the governorate zemstvo, the library of Katerinoslav First Real School received from Gnedinsky Crafts School various textbooks to a total value of about 3,000 rubles. The publications became a powerful base for the student audience during the educational process (Otchet o Sostoyanii Yekaterinoslavskogo Realnogo Uchilishcha, 1894, р. 25).

The activity of the library of Katerinoslav Higher Mining School was important in this direction. Since the beginning of its existence, the management of the educational institution paid special attention to the formation of high-quality and modern collections of subordinate libraries. In 1906, under the leadership of S. M. Suchkov, the Higher Mining School published more than 50 titles of textbooks and manuals, which were distributed among local libraries and other institutions. According to reports, it is known that through book exchange the school received books from official bodies and institutions: the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Railways and the Mining Department (Rubin, 1909, р. 74).

A system of cooperation was established with more than 20 higher educational institutions, including St. Volodymyr's University in Kyiv, Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Kharkiv University, Novorossiysk University, Kazan University, Tomsk University, Warsaw Polytechnic Institute, etc. (1904). Due to book exchange, the institution library collection annually grew by 500 copies having the latest multidisciplinary literature, among which about 100 copies were educational literature. In 1908, the library transferred the editions of Katerinoslav Higher Mining School to other organizations and institutions by book exchange, having received 90 titles of Russian and Ukrainian periodicals in return. Book exchange of duplicate editions was carried out based on correspondence with the employees responsible for this work of other libraries or scientific societies. (Otchet o Sostoyanii i Deystviyakh Yekaterinoslavskogo Gornogo Uchilishcha, 1912, рp. 45-47).

In the early 20^th century thanks to book exchange, Katerinoslav Prosvita Society received Ukrainian books and periodicals from E. P. Cherepovsky's Ukrainian bookshop in Kyiv. Friendly and professional relations connected "Prosvita" and Katerynodar. The libraries of the latter received Katerinoslav magazine "Dnipro Waves" ("Dniprovi Khvyli"). Significant work was carried out by the society for the distribution of its own publications on the history of the native land to Ukrainian bookshops. "Prosvita" Library Commission exchanged Ukrainian publications with Galician and Russian relevant societies and institutions. In 1917, members of "Prosvita" society in the village of Pereshchepine in Novomoskovsk district asked publishers and Ukrainian authors to send their publications and works to the library. The educational institution had its own publishing collection, copies of which were sent by members of the society to Kyiv "Prosvita". It was useful to cooperate with "Literary and Scientific Bulletin" bookshop and "Ukrainian bookshop" (Dniprovi Khvyli, 1913)

Opened in 1874, the Free Women's School of the Society of Guardianship of Women's Education in Katerynoslav received 9 titles of books (1878/79) from the editors of "Education and Training" magazine. Thanks to the request of the cultural and educational leader, teacher O. O. Andrievskiy, the school library received as a donation from the editors the following magazines: "Family and School", "Picturesque Review", "Nature and People", "Education and Training". Communication with the Committee for the Distribution of Useful Books was fruitful. As a result, the school library received 255 copies of books, brochures, serial editions in the early 80's of the 19^th century.

The book exchange between Katerinoslav Scientific Archival Commission (1903) and Katerinoslav Scientific Society (1901) was useful. The collection of scientific literature and periodicals was formed through exchange with scientific institutions and societies. The local edition “Chronicles of Katerinoslav Scientific Archival Commission” systematically published a list of new books received by the society. Through active communication with Lviv University, the library collection of the Commission was enriched with thorough works on the history of southern and western Russia by the Ukrainian leader, Professor M. S. Hrushevsky. In 1910, members of Katerinoslav Academic Archival Commission petitioned Orenburg and Poltava Academic Archival Commissions for exchanging books. Initiative librarians V. F. Adamov, J. V. Lokot, V. V. Danilov were responsible for this activity. Katerynoslav activists facilitated the establishment of book exchange relations of the Commission, officially addressing certain scientific institutions and using personal contacts. According to the report of the Chairman of the Society A. S. Synyavsky, book exchange took place with organizations and publishing houses of Chernihiv, Kharkiv, Kyiv, and Odessa. V. O. Bidnov contributed to the restoration of library relations with colleagues. He supported acquisitions of the latest pedagogical works by historian S. V. Farfarovsky (Letopis Yekaterinoslavskoy Uchenoy Arkhivnoy Komissii, 1909; Kunanets, 2011).

In 1910, at one of the meetings, a report was prepared on the receipt of 13 publications valuable in content from Odessa, Kharkiv, Volyn, Chernihiv and Poltava. Correspondence was conducted with 10 archival commissions, Shevchenko Scientific Society in Lviv, and Kyiv Scientific Society. In 1911 the "History of Kharkiv University" by the Ukrainian historian and public leader D. I. Bagaliy was added to the collections of the scientific library, while the “Chronicles of Katerinoslav Scientific Archival Commission” were sent to the colleagues (Letopis Yekaterinoslavskoy Uchenoy Arkhivnoy Komissii, 1911, р. 270).

In Katerinoslav region of the early 20^th century the Scientific and Technical Society, established in 1910 with the support of the chemist L. V. Pisarzhevsky played an important role in dissemination of technical knowledge and quality training of technical staff. The society took care of the library, which had technical literature and was available to residents. In 1913 the technical library received from colleagues 6 titles of professional journals, publications of Kiev Polytechnic Institute and Crimean technical institutions. Librarian L. L. Ivanov was responsible for the acquisition of modern periodicals.

In the late 19^th - early 20^th century the activity of professional societies intensified in Katerynoslav. They include the Beekeepers (1898), Gardening (1893), Hunting (1910–1917), and Agriculture (1915–1917) societies. All societies were united by the presence of a professional printed body. The Beekeepers society published their magazine "Bee", the Society of Gardening had "Vesnik", the Society of Agriculture published "Southern Economy" magazine. Publications of Katerinoslav societies were sent to zemstvo libraries of Katerinoslav Governorate and to scientific institutions of other governorates. By means of free exchange, the Society of Beekeepers sent 104 copies of its publications, having received in return 90 copies of new publications (Otchet o Deyatelnosti Yekaterinoslavskogo Obshchestva Pchelovodov, 1913, р. 4). One copy of "Southern Economy" magazine was sent to England (1915-1916), which indicates a high information level of the local publication. Instead, the library of the agricultural society kept reports and works of special societies in its collections. According to the decision of the society council, libraries and reading rooms of higher, secondary and lower agricultural educational establishments received the professional publications free of charge and in turn enriched the collections of Katerinoslav institution with their own periodicals (115 titles) (1915) (Otchet o Deyatelnosti Yekaterinoslavskogo Gubernskogo Obshchestva Selskogo Khozyaystva, 1916, рp. 21, 89-97).